Structural analyses by electron crystallography and x-ray crystallography are targeting the transport of solutes and ions across the cell membrane. A new program in computational biology is being developed to complement these ongoing molecular studies. Hematopoiesis research within this department concentrates on characterizing the biology of long-term repopulation of stem cells. Therapies are then sought to mitigate the effects of such disorders as thalessemia, malaria, and sickle-cell anemia.