1. U.S. Department of Energy, Environment, Safety, and Health Reporting, DOE Order 231.1 (1995, amended 1997).

2. U.S. Department of Energy, Contract Between the United States of America and the Regents of the University of California, DE-AC03-76SF00098/M145 (October 1997).

3. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Contract 98 Appendix F Self-Assessment Report for Fiscal Year 1999, PUB-3148 (September 1999).

4. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Environmental Monitoring Plan, Environmental Protection Group (October 1997).

5. U.S. Department of Energy, Radiation Protection of the Public and the Environment, DOE Order 5400.5 (1990, amended 1993).

6. Committees on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiations (BEIR V), Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation, National Academy Press (1990).

7. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Emission Standard for Emissions of Radionuclides Other Than Radon from Department of Energy Facilities, Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 61, Subpart H (1989).

8. East Bay Municipal Utility District, Wastewater Discharge Permits (Account Numbers 0660079 1, 5023891 1, 5023892 1, and 5034789 1) for Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (September 1997 and September 1998).

9. California State Water Resources Control Board, General Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated With Industrial Activity (No. 2 01S002421), Water Quality Order 97-03-DWQ NPDES General Permit Number CAS 000001 (1997).

10. California Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Francisco Region Basin Plan (June 1995).

The Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Institutional Plan FY1996–2001 (November 1995) was used to obtain background information presented in this chapter. In addition, the Association of Bay Area Government’s Web site (http://www.abag.ca.gov/) provided access to vital statistics on the Bay Area and its communities, including the latest population census figures.

1. U.S. Department of Energy, Occurrence Reporting and Processing of Operations Information, DOE Order 232.1A (July 1997).

2. Clean Air Act, 42 United States Code (USC) §7401 et seq. (1967, as amended).

3. Air Resources, California Health and Safety Code §39000 et seq. (1967, as amended).

4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Emission Standard for Emissions of Radionuclides Other Than Radon from Department of Energy Facilities, 40 CFR Part 61, Subpart H (1989).

5. U.S. Department of Energy, General Environmental Protection Program, DOE Order 5400.1 (1988, amended 1990).

6. U.S. Department of Energy, Radiation Protection of the Public and the Environment, DOE Order 5400.5 (1990, amended 1993).

7. U.S. Department of Energy, Environmental Regulatory Guide for Radiological Effluent Monitoring and Environmental Surveillance, DOE/EH-0173T (January 1991).

8. Bay Area Air Quality Management District, Permit to Operate for Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Plant #723 and G #6134) (July 1999).

9. Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Information and Assessment, California Health and Safety Code §44300 et seq. (1987, as amended).

10. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, 42 USC §9601 et seq. (1980, as amended).

11. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, Subchapter III, Hazardous Waste Management, 42 USC §6921 et seq. (1976, as amended).

12. Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act of 1986, 42 USC §11001 et seq. (1986, as amended).

13. Hazardous Materials Release Response Plans and Inventory Law, California Health and Safety Code §25500 et seq. (1985, as amended).

14. U.S. Executive Order 12856, Federal Compliance with Right-To-Know Laws and Pollution Prevention Requirements, 58 FR 41901 (August 3, 1993).

15. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Hazardous Materials Business Plan (March 2000).

16. Risk Management and Prevention Program, California Health and Safety Code §25531 et seq.

17. Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, 7 USC §136 et seq. (1972, as amended).

18. Toxic Substances Control Act, 15 USC §2601 et seq. (1976, as amended).

19. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, 42 USC §6901 et seq. (1976, as amended).

20. Hazardous Waste Control Law, California Health and Safety Code §25100 et seq. (1972, as amended).

21. California Environmental Protection Agency, Hazardous Waste Facility Permit, EPA ID Number CA 4890008986, Department of Toxic Substances Control (May 4, 1993).

22. California Department of Toxic Substances Control, Permit Renewal Notification for Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (EPA ID# CA4890008986) (April 1997).

23. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Biennial Hazardous Waste Report for 1997, Waste Management Group (February 1998).

24. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Goals, Accomplishments, and Plans; WMINRS Waste Reduction Tables, Waste Management Group (June 1998; /ehs/wastemin/goals.html).

25. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Mixed Waste Site Treatment Plan, Waste Management Group (October 1995).

26. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, RCRA Facility Investigation Work Plan for the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Environmental Restoration Program (October 1992).

27. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Workplan for Investigation of Groundwater Contamination Source Areas, Environmental Restoration Program (February 1999); Workplan for Investigation of Source Area in Building 51/64 Groundwater Contamination Plume, Environmental Restoration Program (May 1999); Workplan for Installation of Groundwater Monitoring Wells MW71B-99-3, MW75-99-4, and MW25A-99-5, Environmental Restoration Program (June 1999); Workplan for Soil Investigations at the Building 51 Motor Generator Room Filter Sump (SWMU 9-6), Environmental Restoration Program (June 1999); Workplan for Investigation of Soil Contamination at the Building 75 Former Hazardous Waste Handling and Storage Facility (SWMU 3-6), Environmental Restoration Program (August 1999); Workplan Addendum for Further Investigation at Building 75 Former Hazardous Waste Handling and Storage Facility (SWMU 3-6), Environmental Restoration Program (November 1999); and Workplan for Further Investigation at the Building 51 Sanitary Sewer and Drainage System in Motor Generator Room Basement (AOC 9-9), Environmental Restoration Program (December 1999).

28. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Interim Corrective Measures (ICMs) Workplan for the Building 51 Vacuum Pump Room, Environmental Restoration Program (August 1999); and Interim Corrective Measures (ICMs) Workplan for Building 51/64 Groundwater Plume, Environmental Restoration Program (October 1999).

29. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Draft Final RCRA Facility Investigation Report for the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Environmental Restoration Program (February 1997).

30. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Quarterly Progress Report, Fourth Quarter Fiscal Year 1998 (July 1 to September 30, 1998) for the LBNL Hazardous Waste Facility Permit, Environmental Restoration Program (February 1999); Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Quarterly Progress Report, First Quarter Fiscal Year 1999 (October 1 to December 31, 1998) for the LBNL Hazardous Waste Facility Permit, Environmental Restoration Program (May 1999); Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Quarterly Progress Report, Second Quarter Fiscal Year 1999 (January 1 to March 31, 1999) for the LBNL Hazardous Waste Facility Permit, Environmental Restoration Program (August 1999); and Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Quarterly Progress Report, Third Quarter Fiscal Year 1999 (April 1 to June 30, 1999) for the LBNL Hazardous Waste Facility Permit, Environmental Restoration Program (November 1999).

31. Medical Waste Management Act, California Health and Safety Code §25015 et seq. (1991, as amended).

32. Underground Storage of Hazardous Substances, California Health and Safety Code §25280 et seq. (1983, as amended).

33. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, Subchapter IX, Regulation of Underground Storage Tanks, 42 USC §6991 (1988, as amended).

34. U.S. Executive Order 12873, Federal Acquisition, Recycling, and Waste Prevention, 58 FR 54911 (October 22, 1993).

35. Hazardous Waste Source Reduction and Management Review Act of 1989, California Health and Safety Code §25244.12 et seq. (1989).

36. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Source Reduction Evaluation Review Plan and Plan Summary, Waste Management Group (August 1995).

37. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Hazardous Waste Management Report Summary, Waste Management Group (August 1995).

38. Pollution Prevention Act of 1990, 42 USC §13101 et seq. (1990).

39. Clean Water Act, 33 USC §1251 et seq. (1977, as amended).

40. Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act, California Water Code §13020 (1969, as amended).

41. East Bay Municipal Utility District, Wastewater Discharge Permits (Account Numbers 0660079 1, 5023891 1, 5023892 1 (September 1998), and 5034789 1 (September 1997)) for Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

42. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Toxic Organics Management Plan, Building 25 Photo Fabrication Facility, Environmental Protection Group (May 1997).

43. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Accidental Spill Prevention and Containment Plan, Volumes I through V, Environmental Protection Group (1994–1998).

44. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Accidental Spill Prevention and Containment Plan/Toxic Organics Management Plan, Environmental Protection Group (December 1997).

45. California State Water Resources Control Board, General Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated With Industrial Activity (No. 2 01S002421), Water Quality Order 97-03-DWQ NPDES General Permit Number CAS 000001 (1997).

46. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan, Environmental Protection Group (June 1998).

47. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Storm Water Monitoring Program, Environmental Protection Group (June 1997).

48. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1998–1999 Annual Report for Stormwater Discharges Associated with Industrial Activities, Environmental Protection Group (July 1999).

49. Clean Water Act, 33 USC §1251 et seq. (1977, as amended).

50. Aboveground Petroleum Storage Act, California Health and Safety Code §25270 et seq. (1989, as amended).

51. Safe Drinking Water Act, 42 USC §300f et seq. (1974, as amended).

1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Emission Standard for Emissions of Radionuclides Other Than Radon from Department of Energy Facilities, 40 CFR Part 61, Subpart H (1989).

2. U.S. Department of Energy, General Environmental Protection Program, DOE Order 5400.1 (1988, amended 1990).

3. U.S. Department of Energy, Radiation Protection of the Public and the Environment, DOE Order 5400.5 (1990, amended 1993).

4. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Environmental Monitoring Plan, Environmental Protection Group (October 1997).

5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Designation, Reportable Quantities, and Notification, 40 CFR Part 302, Appendix B (1989).

6. U.S. Department of Energy, Radiation Protection of the Public and the Environment, DOE Order 5400.5 (1990, amended 1993).

1. U.S. Department of Energy, General Environmental Protection Program, DOE Order 5400.1 (1988, amended 1990); and U.S. Department of Energy, Radiation Protection of the Public and the Environment, DOE Order 5400.5 (1990, amended 1993).

2. California State Water Resources Control Board, General Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated With Industrial Activity (No. 2 01S002421), Water Quality Order 97-03-DWQ NPDES General Permit Number CAS 000001 (1997).

3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Primary Drinking Water Standards, 40 CFR Part 141, Subpart B (1976); and California State Department of Health Services, Domestic Water Quality and Monitoring Regulations, Title 22 California Code of Regulations (CCR) §64443 (1984, as amended).

4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Primary Drinking Water Standards, 40 CFR Part 141, Subpart B (1976).

5. California State Water Resources Control Board, General Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated With Industrial Activities (No. 2 01S002421), Water Quality Order 97-03-DWQ NPDES General Permit Number CAS 000001 (1997).

6. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Storm Water Monitoring Program, Environmental Protection Group (June 1997).

7. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan, Environmental Protection Group (June 1998).

8. California Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Francisco Region Basin Plan (June 1995).

9. East Bay Municipal Utility District, Wastewater Discharge Permits (Account Numbers 0660079 1, 5023891 1, 5023892 1, and 5034789 1) for Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (September 1997 and September 1998).

10. U.S. Department of Energy, Environmental Regulatory Guide for Radiological Effluent Monitoring and Environmental Surveillance, DOE/EH-0173T (January 1991).

11. U.S. Department of Energy, General Environmental Protection Program, DOE Order 5400.1 (1988, amended 1990); and U.S. Department of Energy, Radiation Protection of the Public and the Environment, DOE Order 5400.5 (1990, amended 1993).

12. Standards for Protecting Against Radiation, 17 CCR §30253 (1994).

13. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Standards for Protection Against Radiation, 10 CFR 20, Subpart K (1994).

1. Science Applications International Corporation, Groundwater Protection Management Program Plan for Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (July 1991).

2. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, Subchapter III, Hazardous Waste Management, 42 USC §6921 et seq. (1976, as amended).

3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Primary Drinking Water Standards, 40 CFR Part 141, Subpart B (1976); and California State Department of Health Services, Domestic Water Quality and Monitoring Regulations, 22 CCR §64443 et seq. (1984, as amended).

4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Primary Drinking Water Standards, 40 CFR Part 141, Subpart B (1976).

5. East Bay Municipal Utility District, Wastewater Discharge Permit (Account Number 503-47891) for Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (September 1997).

1. U.S. Department of Energy, Environmental Regulatory Guide for Radiological Effluent Monitoring and Environmental Surveillance, DOE/EH-0173T (January 1991).

2. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Environmental Monitoring Plan, Environmental Protection Group (October 1997).

3. California State Department of Toxic Substances Control, Characteristics of Hazardous Waste, 22 CCR §66261.24 (1991, as amended).

1. U.S. Department of Energy, Environmental Regulatory Guide for Radiological Effluent Monitoring and Environmental Surveillance, DOE/EH-0173T (January 1991).

2. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Environmental Monitoring Plan, Environmental Protection Group (October 1997).

3. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Site Environmental Report for 1997, Volume I, LBNL-27170 (1998).

4. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Site Environmental Report for 1996, Volume I, LBNL-27170 (1997).

5. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Tree Sampling and Tritium Analysis Plan, Environmental Protection Group (1998).

6. American National Standards Institute, Surface and Volume Radioactivity Standards for Clearance, ANSI/HPS N13.12-1999 (August 1999).

1. Kathren, R.L., Radioactivity in the Environment: Sources, Distribution, and Surveillance, Harwood Academic Publishers (1984).

2. Thomas, R.H., The Environmental Surveillance Program of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, LBL-4678 (1976).

3. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census Tracts; San Francisco-Oakland, California (et al.), Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA), PHC-80-2-231 (1983); and U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Characteristics of the Population: Number of Inhabitants, California 1980, PC-80-1-AC (1982).

4. U.S. Department of Energy, EH-232, CAP88-PC, Version 1.0 (March 1992).

5. Committees on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiations (BEIR V), Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation, National Academy Press (1990).

6. U.S. Department of Energy, Radiation Protection of the Public and the Environment, DOE Order 5400.5 (1990, amended 1993).

1. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Operating and Assurance Plan, Pub 3111, Revision 5 (January 1998).

2. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Environmental Monitoring Plan, Environmental Protection Group (October 1997).

3. U.S. Department of Energy, Environmental Regulatory Guide for Radiological Effluent Monitoring and Environmental Surveillance, DOE/EH-0173T (January 1991).

4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Emission Standard for Emissions of Radionuclides Other Than Radon from Department of Energy Facilities, 40 CFR Part 61, Subpart H (1989).

5. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Statement of Work for Analytical Services in Support of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (1998).

6. U.S. Department of Energy, Operational Awareness Guide, Berkeley Site Office (November 1997).