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Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Executive Summary

Introduction

Environmental Performance Measures

Environmental Compliance Programs

Environmental Permitting

Violations, Findings, and Environmental Incidents

Environmental Monitoring

Conclusion

Chapter 2 Introduction

History

Location

Laboratory Population and Space Distribution

Water Supply

Sanitary Sewer Systems

Storm Drainage System

Meteorology

Vegetation

Wildlife

Geology

Hydrogeology

Seismicity

Chapter 3 Environmental Program Summary

Introduction

Overview of Environmental Responsibilities

Program Summary

Summary of Environmental Permits

Summary of Audits and Inspections

Summary of Environmental Incidents

Summary of Program Compliance

Air Quality

Environmental Restoration

Hazardous Materials

Hazardous Waste

Pollution Prevention and Waste Minimization

Water Quality

Updates on Non-Regulatory, Multiprogram Reviews

Work Smart Standards

DOE ES&H Oversight Appraisal

Summary of Program Performance UC/DOE Contract 98
Performance Measures

Radiation Protection of the Public

Waste Reduction and Recycling

Source Reduction and Pollution Prevention

Tracking and Trending of Findings and Violations

Tracking and Trending of Environmental Releases

Customer Focus

Chapter 4 Air Quality

Background

Exhaust Sampling of Airborne Radionuclides

Ambient Air Monitoring

Tritium

Gross Alpha/Beta

Chapter 5 Surface Water

Background

Rainwater

Creeks

Lakes

Hydraugers

Stormwater

Chapter 6 Groundwater Protection

Background

Hydrogeologic Characterization

Hydrogeologic Units

Groundwater Flow

Groundwater Flucuations

Groundwater Quality

Groundwater Monitoring Results

Groundwater Contamination

VOC Plumes

Freon Plume

Tritium Plume

Fuel Contamination and Fuel Plumes

Interim Corrective Measures

Source Removal or Control

Preventing Discharge of Contamination to Surface Waters

Preventing Further Migration of Contaminated Groundwater

Treatment Systems

Chapter 7 Sanitary Sewer

Background

Wastewater Discharge Program

Hearst and Strawberry Sewer Outfalls

Building 25 Photofabrication Shop

Building 77 Fixed Treatment Unit

Treated Hydrauger Discharge

Chapter 8 Soil and Sediment

Background

Soil Sampling

Sediment Sampling

Chapter 9 Vegetation and Foodstuffs

Introduction

Background

Trees

Goats' Milk, Excreta, and Feed Pasturage

Tritium as a Function of Distance from NTLF Stack

Nearby Residential Fruit Trees

Conclusions

Chapter 10 Special Studies

Introduction

Building 85 Preoperational Monitoring

Background

1996 Sampling Results

Soil Water Sampling for Tritium

Sediment in Stormwater Catch Basins

Chapter 11 Radiological Dose Assessment

Penetrating Radiation Monitoring

Accelerator-Produced Penetrating Radiation

Irradiator-Produced Penetrating Radiation

Dispersible Radiation Airborne Radionuclides

Combined Dose Assessment

Chapter 12 Quality Assurance

Background; Radiation and Analytical Measurements Laboratory; Contract Analytical Laboratories; Conclusion

References

Glossary
: Acronyms and Abbreviations; Technical Terms; Radiological Units; Units of Measure

Appendix
: A U.S. Department of Energy Air Emissions Annual Report (NESHAPS)

Tables

1-1. Berkeley Lab Environmental Performance Ratings for 1996 3-1. Summary of Environmental Permits Held by LBNL During 1996 3-2. Environmental Audits, Inspections, and Appraisals at LBNL During 1996 3-3. Summary of Environmental Incidents at LBNL During 1996 3-4. BAAQMD Permitted Air Emission Sources Renewed in 1996 3-5. Trends in Highest Quantities of EPCRA Toxic Release Inventory Reporting 3-6. LBNL's Fixed Treatment Units Subject to Tiered Permitting During 1996 3-7. Radioactive and Mixed Waste Generated in 1996 and in HWHF Inventory 3-8. Underground Storage Tank Operating Permits from City of Berkeley for 1996 3-9. Process Waste Minimization Milestones for 1996 and 1997 3-10. Trends in Findings and Violations Since 1993 4-1. Most Significant Radionuclides Used at LBNL During 1996 4-2. Summary of LBNL's US/EPA-approved NESHAPs Compliance Strategy 4-3. LBNL NESHAPs Sampling and Monitoring Profile for 1996 4-4. Number of Routine Radiological Monitoring Locations 4-5. Summary of Radiological Air Emissions Released During 1996 4-6. Summary of Tritium Concentrations from Ambient Monitoring Network 4-7. Summary of Gross Alpha and Beta Concentrations From Ambient Monitoring Network 5-1. Rainwater Radiological Monitoring Results 5-2. Creek Radiological Monitoring Results 5-3. Lake Radiological Monitoring Results 5-4. Hydrauger Tritium Monitoring Results 5-5. 1996 Average Stormwater Results for Metals 5-6. 1996 Average Stormwater Radiological Analysis Results 6-1. Water Quality in Different Formations 6-2. Summary of Metal Results in Groundwater Samples from Monitoring Wells in 1996 6-3. VOCs Detected in Groundwater Samples from Monitoring Wells in 1996 6-4. Summary of Tritium Results Detected in Groundwater Sampling from Monitoring Wells in 1996 6-5. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Concentrations at UST Sites in 1996 6-6. Treatment of Contaminated Groundwater 7-1. Weeks for Required LBNL Wastewater Self-Monitoring in 1996 7-2. EBMUD Unannounced Sampling Inspections in 1996 7-3. Average Annual Metals in Sewer Water Samples 7-4. Annual Radionuclide Analyses of Sewer Water Samples 8-1. Soil and Sediment Sampling Results for Radionuclides in 1996 8-2. Soil and Sediment Sampling Results for Metals and pH from 1996 9-1. Summary of Free Water Tritium Levels in Trees Sampled from Various Onsite Locations 9-2. Summary of Free Water Tritium Levels in Samples Collected During Onsite Goat Grazing 9-3. Summary of Free Water Tritium Levels in Vegetation as a Function of Distance from the NTLF Stack 9-4. Summary of Organically Bound Tritium Levels in Vegetation as a Function of Distance from the NTLF Stack 10-1. Air Sampling Results at Station AA-B for 1996 10-2. Stormwater Sampling Results from Location STW-A for 1996 10-3. Stormwater Sampling Results from Location STW-B for 1996 10-4. Stormwater Sampling Results from Location STW-C for 1996 10-5. Groundwater Sampling Results from Location 85-95-1 for 1996 10-6. Groundwater Sampling Results from Location 85-95-2 for 1996 10-7. Groundwater Sampling Results from Location 85-96-1 for 1996 10-8. Groundwater Sampling Results from Location 85-96-2 for 1996 10-9. Soil Boring Results from Location BS-85-96-1 for 1996 10-10. Soil Boring Results from Location BS-85-96-2 for 1996 10-11. Summary of Tritium in Lysimeter Samples in 1996 11-1. Annual Penetrating Radiation Dose for 1996 at Perimeter Due to Accelerators 11-2. Summary of Environmental TLD Monitoring Results for 1996 from LBNL and Background Sources 11-3. Summaries of Dose Assessment at Maximally Exposed Individual (MEI) from All Berkeley Lab Release Points for 1996 11-4. Summary of Berkeley Lab Radiological Dose Impacts for 1996 12-1. Summary of RAML Performance in 1996 US/EPA Intercomparison Study


Figures

1-1. Typical Radiation Doses Received by the General Public, Including the Maximum Contribution from LBNL

1-2. Trends in Annual Tritium Releases from NTLF; 1988-1996

2-1. San Francisco Bay Area Map

2-2.

Vicinity Map

2-3.

Adjacent Land Use

2-4. Space Distribution

2-5. Sanitary Sewer System

2-6.

Stormwater Drainage in the Strawberry Creek Watershed

2-7.

Temperature Summary by Month

2-8. Annual Wind Patterns at LBNL for 1996

2-9. Rainfall at Berkeley Lab in 1996

2-10. Trends in Water Year Rainfall at Berkeley Lab

2-11. Vegetation Types

2-12. Landscape Buffers

2-13.

Mapped Seismic Faults

3-1. LBNL Environment, Health and Safety Division Organization

3-2.

Trends in Onsite Inventory of Regulated-PCB Capacitors and Transformers

3-3.

Cumulative Public Dose for 1996 at Maximally Exposed Individual Locations

3-4.

Trends in Reducing Routine Nonhazardous or Sanitary Waste

3-5.

Trends in Reducing Routine Hazardous Waste

3-6.

Trends in Reducing Routine Low-Level Radioactive Waste

3-7.

Trends in Reducing Routine Mixed Waste

4-1.

Summary of Annual Tritium Releases from NTLF, 1988-1996

4-2.

Ambient Air Monitoring Network for Tritium and Particulate Matter

5-1.

Creek Sampling Locations

5-2.

Lake Sampling Locations

5-3.

Hydrauger Sampling Locations

5-4.

Stormwater Sampling Locations

6-1.

Groundwater Piezometric Map at Berkeley Lab

6-2. Groundwater Fluctuations in Monitoring Well MW7-92-19 Compared to Rainfall

6-3.

Approximate Location of Monitoring Wells Close to the Berkeley Lab Property Line

6-4.

Groundwater Contamination Plumes, December 1996

6-5.

Groundwater Contamination (Total Halogenated Hydrocarbons in mg/l) in the Old Town Area, December 1996

6-6.

Time Variation of Contaminant Levels at Monitoring Well MW7-92-19

6-7.

Approximate Locations of Monitoring Wells Associated With Underground Storage Tanks

8-1.

Soil and Sediment Sampling Sites

9-1.

Tree Foliage Sampling Locations

9-2.

Goat Grazing Route and Sampling Locations

9-3.

Tree and Vegetation Sampling Transects

10-1.

1996 Building 85 Preoperational Monitoring Sampling Locations

10-2.

Locations of Lysimeters Surrounding the Corporation Yard

11-1.

Environmental Monitoring Stations

11-2.

Quarterly Breakdown of Gamma Dose at TLD Sampling Locations

11-3.

LBNL Radiological Impact for 1996

12-1. Samples Analyzed by RAML in 1996

1-1.	Berkeley Lab Environmental Performance Ratings for 1996
3-1.	Summary of Environmental Permits Held by LBNL During 1996
3-2.	Environmental Audits, Inspections, and Appraisals at LBNL During 1996
3-3.	Summary of Environmental Incidents at LBNL During 1996
3-4.	BAAQMD Permitted Air Emission Sources Renewed in 1996
3-5.	Trends in Highest Quantities of EPCRA Toxic Release Inventory Reporting
3-6.	LBNL's Fixed Treatment Units Subject to Tiered Permitting During 1996
3-7.	Radioactive and Mixed Waste Generated in 1996 and in HWHF Inventory
3-8.	Underground Storage Tank Operating Permits from City of Berkeley for 1996
3-9.	Process Waste Minimization Milestones for 1996 and 1997
3-10.	Trends in Findings and Violations Since 1993
4-1.	Most Significant Radionuclides Used at LBNL During 1996
4-2.	Summary of LBNL's US/EPA-approved NESHAPs Compliance Strategy
4-3.	LBNL NESHAPs Sampling and Monitoring Profile for 1996
4-4.	Number of Routine Radiological Monitoring Locations
4-5.	Summary of Radiological Air Emissions Released During 1996
4-6.	Summary of Tritium Concentrations from Ambient Monitoring Network
4-7.	Summary of Gross Alpha and Beta Concentrations From Ambient Monitoring Network
5-1.	Rainwater Radiological Monitoring Results
5-2.	Creek Radiological Monitoring Results
5-3.	Lake Radiological Monitoring Results
5-4.	Hydrauger Tritium Monitoring Results
5-5.	1996 Average Stormwater Results for Metals
5-6.	1996 Average Stormwater Radiological Analysis Results
6-1.	Water Quality in Different Formations
6-2.	Summary of Metal Results in Groundwater Samples from Monitoring Wells in 1996
6-3.	VOCs Detected in Groundwater Samples from Monitoring Wells in 1996
6-4.	Summary of Tritium Results Detected in Groundwater Sampling from Monitoring Wells in 1996
6-5.	Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Concentrations at UST Sites in 1996
6-6.	Treatment of Contaminated Groundwater
7-1.	Weeks for Required LBNL Wastewater Self-Monitoring in 1996
7-2.	EBMUD Unannounced Sampling Inspections in 1996
7-3.	Average Annual Metals in Sewer Water Samples
7-4.	Annual Radionuclide Analyses of Sewer Water Samples
8-1.	Soil and Sediment Sampling Results for Radionuclides in 1996
8-2.	Soil and Sediment Sampling Results for Metals and pH from 1996
9-1.	Summary of Free Water Tritium Levels in Trees Sampled from Various Onsite Locations
9-2.	Summary of Free Water Tritium Levels in Samples Collected During Onsite Goat Grazing
9-3.	Summary of Free Water Tritium Levels in Vegetation as a Function of Distance from the NTLF Stack
9-4.	Summary of Organically Bound Tritium Levels in Vegetation as a Function of Distance from the NTLF Stack
10-1.	Air Sampling Results at Station AA-B for 1996
10-2.	Stormwater Sampling Results from Location STW-A for 1996
10-3.	Stormwater Sampling Results from Location STW-B for 1996
10-4.	Stormwater Sampling Results from Location STW-C for 1996
10-5.	Groundwater Sampling Results from Location 85-95-1 for 1996
10-6.	Groundwater Sampling Results from Location 85-95-2 for 1996
10-7.	Groundwater Sampling Results from Location 85-96-1 for 1996
10-8.	Groundwater Sampling Results from Location 85-96-2 for 1996
10-9.	Soil Boring Results from Location BS-85-96-1 for 1996
10-10.	Soil Boring Results from Location BS-85-96-2 for 1996
10-11.	Summary of Tritium in Lysimeter Samples in 1996
11-1.	Annual Penetrating Radiation Dose for 1996 at Perimeter Due to Accelerators
11-2.	Summary of Environmental TLD Monitoring Results for 1996 from LBNL and Background Sources
11-3.	Summaries of Dose Assessment at Maximally Exposed Individual (MEI) from All Berkeley Lab Release Points for 1996
11-4.	Summary of Berkeley Lab Radiological Dose Impacts for 1996
12-1.	Summary of RAML Performance in 1996 US/EPA Intercomparison Study

1-1.	Typical Radiation Doses Received by the General Public, Including the Maximum Contribution from LBNL
1-2.	Trends in Annual Tritium Releases from NTLF; 1988-1996
2-1.	San Francisco Bay Area Map
2-2.	Vicinity Map
2-3.	Adjacent Land Use
2-4.	Space Distribution
2-5.	Sanitary Sewer System
2-6.	Stormwater Drainage in the Strawberry Creek Watershed
2-7.	Temperature Summary by Month
2-8.	Annual Wind Patterns at LBNL for 1996
2-9.	Rainfall at Berkeley Lab in 1996
2-10.	Trends in Water Year Rainfall at Berkeley Lab
2-11.	Vegetation Types
2-12.	Landscape Buffers
2-13.	Mapped Seismic Faults
3-1.	LBNL Environment, Health and Safety Division Organization
3-2.	Trends in Onsite Inventory of Regulated-PCB Capacitors and Transformers
3-3.	Cumulative Public Dose for 1996 at Maximally Exposed Individual Locations
3-4.	Trends in Reducing Routine Nonhazardous or Sanitary Waste
3-5.	Trends in Reducing Routine Hazardous Waste
3-6.	Trends in Reducing Routine Low-Level Radioactive Waste
3-7.	Trends in Reducing Routine Mixed Waste
4-1.	Summary of Annual Tritium Releases from NTLF, 1988-1996
4-2.	Ambient Air Monitoring Network for Tritium and Particulate Matter
5-1.	Creek Sampling Locations
5-2.	Lake Sampling Locations
5-3.	Hydrauger Sampling Locations
5-4.	Stormwater Sampling Locations
6-1.	Groundwater Piezometric Map at Berkeley Lab
6-2.	Groundwater Fluctuations in Monitoring Well MW7-92-19 Compared to Rainfall
6-3.	Approximate Location of Monitoring Wells Close to the Berkeley Lab Property Line
6-4.	Groundwater Contamination Plumes, December 1996
6-5.	Groundwater Contamination (Total Halogenated Hydrocarbons in mg/l) in the Old Town Area, December 1996
6-6.	Time Variation of Contaminant Levels at Monitoring Well MW7-92-19
6-7.	Approximate Locations of Monitoring Wells Associated With Underground Storage Tanks
8-1.	Soil and Sediment Sampling Sites
9-1.	Tree Foliage Sampling Locations
9-2.	Goat Grazing Route and Sampling Locations
9-3.	Tree and Vegetation Sampling Transects
10-1.	1996 Building 85 Preoperational Monitoring Sampling Locations
10-2.	Locations of Lysimeters Surrounding the Corporation Yard
11-1.	Environmental Monitoring Stations
11-2.	Quarterly Breakdown of Gamma Dose at TLD Sampling Locations
11-3.	LBNL Radiological Impact for 1996
12-1.	Samples Analyzed by RAML in 1996